HVAC systems are complex systems comprised of multiple functional subsystems working in tandem. The core components include five main parts: heat/cold sources, air handling units, distribution systems, terminal units, and intelligent control systems.
Heat/Cold Source System: The "Heart" of Energy It provides the energy needed for cooling or heating and is the power foundation for the system's operation.
Refrigeration Equipment: Such as chillers and compressors, these absorb indoor heat through refrigerant circulation and release it outdoors.
Heating Equipment: Includes boilers and heat pumps. Heat pumps can achieve "dual-purpose" operation, extracting heat from the air, soil, or water for heating in winter and reversing to cool in summer, resulting in high energy efficiency.
Cooling Tower: Used in large systems, it dissipates waste heat generated during the cooling process into the atmosphere through heat exchange between water and air.
Air Handling Units: Air "Processing Plants" These units comprehensively process air in terms of temperature, humidity, and cleanliness.
Fresh Air Handling Units (PAUs): These units process fresh outdoor air, filtering, heating/cooling, and humidifying/dehumidifying it before delivering it indoors.
Air Handling Units (AHUs): These units centrally regulate the air quality after the return air and fresh air are mixed. They are suitable for large spaces such as shopping malls and hospitals.
Fan Coil Units (FCUs): Commonly used in offices and hotel rooms, these units use hot or cold water flowing within the coils, working with a fan to achieve localized temperature control.
Distribution System: The "vascular network" of energy, responsible for delivering treated air or hot/cold water to various areas.
Air System: Composed of fans, ducts, and air outlets. Centrifugal fans provide power, metal or composite material ducts deliver air, and louvered outlets and diffusers ensure even airflow.
Water System: A water pump drives the circulation of hot and cold water in pipes, connecting heat sources and terminal equipment. Commonly used materials are copper pipes or PE-RT pipes, requiring insulation to prevent condensation.